Full Definition Of Human Bones and Joints

Full definition of human bones and joints

Bones and joints form the skeletal system of the human body. Bones are hard connective tissues that form the skeleton. Some bones are attached to each other at joints with the help of ligaments. Joints are located at the place where two bones are joined together.

Bones have a variety of shapes and sizes. The complex structure of bones makes them strong and hard enough to the support the body and perform various other functions. Bones move, bend, twist and stretch with the help of joints and muscles. Joints help the bones move and protect them from umugmg each other.

Types Of Bones

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Definition of human bones and joints

Long, short, flat, and sesamoid are five types of bones. Long bones are longer than any other bones. They a re found in the arms and legs. Short bones are generally shaped like a cube and are found in the skull, spine, pelvis, wrist, and ankles. Flat bones are thin and curved bones.They are found in the ribs, shoulder blades, hip bones, and cranial bones. Irregular bones are irregular in shape and are found in the vertebrae, facial bones, and hip bones. The kneecap is a sesamoid bone.

Functions Of Bones

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Full definition of human bones and joints

Bones have several functions.They provide shape and structure to the body and protect the internal organs of the body such as the heart, lungs, and brain. Bones also store minerals like calcium and phosphorus that are important for the body. Bones along with the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles help in the movement of the body. The central part of bones manufactures red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Bones also remove foreign substances from the blood and protect other tissues.

Fixed and Movable Joints

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Full definition of human bones and joints

Joints are either fixed or movable. Fixed joints are separated by a thin layer of connective tissue. In movable joints, the ends of the bones that move over one another are covered With cartilage.The cartilage helps the joints to move easily and protects the bones from sudden shocks.

Kinds Of Joints

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Hinge joints help in the forward and backward movement of bones. Knee joint and finger joints are hinge joints. Pivot joints help in rotating movement. The head and elbow joints are pivot joints.The elbow also has a hinge joint. A ball and socket joint is made up of a long bone With a large round end attached to the hollow of another bone. The hip and shoulder joints are ball and socket joints. Joints consist of a liquid known as synovial fluid to keep them moist and lubricated. Gliding joints help in the sliding movement of one bone over another. Saddle joint helps in the movement in two planes. An ellipsoid joint is a hinge joint that extends in two directions.

Structure Of Bones

Full definition of human bones and joints

Bones are formed of two types of tissues-compact tissue and spongy tissue. The compact bone tissue is the solid, outer part of a bone, and the spongy bone tissue is the soft, spongy part of a bone. Compact bones have no interspaces and give the bone a smooth, White appearance. Spongy bones are found inside compact bones. The bones are covered With a fibrous membrane known as periosteum on the outside and endosteum inside.

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